Adaptations since birth

In the wild, animals need to adapt to their environment. Some of them are given ample time to do so, while others must be born to be able to adapt to the environment immediately.

Gorillas, for example will suckle milk for three years and would be close to their parents for at least a decade. Chimpanzees are also given rather long time to learn and adapt to its environment. They learn their survival skills by observing what their parents do.

However, others are not that lucky. Dears, once they are born, they must be able to stand and quickly and even run. In the process, the mother dear would often eat up any remains on the young dear after birth, although she is a vegetarian. Dears in the wild are exposed to many predators like the bears and wolfs. Thus you will realise that when the baby dear is born, it is already very alert and would be struggling trying its best to stand.

Hippos, they prefer to give birth in the water. Reason being on shore, there is lots of danger. As the hippo is about to give birth, she would chase away all the other hippos, including the father. The hippos are considered a threat to the mother. Since the baby hippo is born in the water, it must be able to swim once it is born.

If you come to think of it, humans are not that clever!

Cells

What are cells? They are what you and I are made up of. They are the simplest form of life. The name 'cells' was first introduced by an English Scientist, Robert Hooke in 1667. He first observed the walls of the dead plant cells and thought they appeared like the cell in honeycomb. Thus the name of the simplest form of life is 'cells'.

There are different types of cells, they can be classified into two different types. They are plant and animal cells. The plant and animal cells have similarities and differences. Both of the animal and plant cells have protoplasm, a jelly-like substance which is approximately 70% of a cell. The cytoplasm is part of the protoplasm. Both of them have nucleus, mitochondrion, vesicles, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cell surface membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome.

However, parts like centriole are only present in animal cells and parts like cell wall, tonoplast and chloroplasts are only present in plant cells.

You may think that chloroplasts just contains chlorophyll. Actually, a chloroplast is like a bean inside filled with layers of discs containing chlorophyll. Not only so, the chloroplasts contain thylakoid, granum and stroma. The chloroplasts are parts of a plant cell which helps it make food. Thus, not all part of a plant will have chloroplasts. Only parts which appear green would have chloroplasts, the leaves. However, some plants with red leaves or other colour leaves does not mean that they do not have chloroplasts. In fact, they have hidden chloroplasts.

Cells on the whole, whether is it a plant cell or an animal cell, the cells would have similarity as they are part of the same organism.

Thank you!

Global warming

Global warming is the continues rise of the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. What causes global warming? Global warming is caused by the increasing amount of greenhouse gases trapped in the Earth's atmosphere.

The greenhouse gases are caused by human activities such as work in industries and deforestation. The greenhouse gases consists of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. This greenhouse gases trap heat which cannot escape from the Earth's atmosphere that easily. That is why we do not die of cold. However, due to too much human activities, too much of these greenhouse gases are being produced and trapped in the Earths' atmosphere. As a result, the Earth's temperature is rising continuously.

Many human activities have caused this to happen. Deforestation has caused many trees to be chopped down. As trees take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is controlled. However, trees are being chopped down, and at the same time, carbon dioxide is constantly being produced, there is a lack of tress to absorb the carbon dioxide.

What has global warming caused? It has caused many animals to die. Some very common examples include the polar bears which lives on the North pole. In years to come, it will cause certain species of animals to face extinction.

It is important to save the Earth now or it would be too late.

Crystallization

What is crystallization? It is the process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or most rarely deposited directly from a gas. The process of crystallization consists of nucleation and crystal growth.

Nucleation is the process where solute molecules dispersed in the solvent start to gather in clusters. However, for nucleation to take place, the clusters must be stable, or they would redissolve. Therefore, the solution must be saturated in order for crystallization to take place. The stable clusters constitutes to the nuclei. The nuclei would then cause more precipitation to occur. The process of nucleation is also when the atoms would move to form an atomic structure of a crystal.

Then, crystal growth is the subsequent growth of the nuclei that succeed in achieving the critical cluster size. As this is happening, nucleation continues to take place. This two processes can continue to take place in the presence of existing supersaturation. Depending on the conditions, either nucleation would predominant over growth or the other way round. This results in the different shapes and sizes of crystals.

The Maic UFO

The above video shows how a top can float in midair.

In order to achieve this, you have to fulfill several conditions. The first condition is to get the correct weight of the top. You might have to try several times. Why do you need the correct weight? the following diagram will explain it.

This is how the Magic UFO works. The magnetic repulsions force and the weight and gravity acting on the top must be equal. If the magnetic repulsion force is greater than the weight and gravity acting on the top, then the top would fly away. If it is the other way round, the top would not be able to float up.

Another important condition to fulfill would be the balance of the magnetic plate. It is somewhat the same logic as the first condition. If the plate is tilted on side of the magnetic repulsion force would not be equal and thus the top would not be able to fly properly.

I have drawn this picture and hopefully it can help you understand better. The orange part is where the magnetic repulsion force comes from. As you can see, it is in a round shape. As the force acting on the top is in a round shape, it sort of supports the top and keeps it in position- the middle. Thus if we tilt the plate, we can say that the repulsion acting on different parts of the top are different.

If you have the chance, you should try it one day. It is really fun.

Thank you for reading!

Is instant formation of ice possible?

Is instant formation of ice possible? Is water able to turn into ice instantly? YES. It is possible.However, to achieve it, one must be very lucky or must have a lot of patience and time. Why. I will come to that when explaining the entire process. Just to note, it is different from crystallization.

So, how is it possible? First to achieve this, we will need a freezer, water in bottles will be good and time. All you need to do is to put the bottles with water into the freezer and wait for the correct time. Once the time is right, remove the bottles from the freezer. Don't ask me when the time is right. It depends on the water and many other factors. Thus to be able to witness the instant freezing of the liquid is very hard and rare. After taking the bottles out, just shake them or put them down hard on the table.

The water temperature may have fallen below 0 degrees but it may not freeze as the water molecules are not active. When the bottle containing the water is put down hard onto a table, a sudden force is applied, causing the molecules to move suddenly. This will cause the water to freeze instantly.

Cool info. Stay tuned for more!

Dry Ice

What is dry ice? It is something that is sometimes refereed to as "cardice" or "card ice". It is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is used as a cooling agent. Some of its advantages include lower temperatures than water ice and not leaving any residue. It is good for preserving frozen food, ice cream when mechanical cooling is not available. The temperature of dry ice is below -56.4 degrees. Dry ice in soap water will cause foam to be produced for a very long time. A lot of foam.

Another cool fact about dry ice is that any bubbles formed with dry ice will not burst that easily and you can even make the bubbles bounce on your sleeves if you are wearing shirt of the correct material. You can even make it role down cloth of the correct material. In the below picture, the white round objects are bubbles formed with dry ice!

Dry ice can cause many problems too if not treated properly. As dry ice is below the temperature of -56.4 degrees, you can get frostbites if there is any direct contact with the skin. Not only so, if dry ice is kept in any sealed or tight containers, for example water bottles, IT WILL CAUSE THE CONTAINER TO EXPLODE!